Cairo Tiling
The Cairo tiling is a tiling of the plane by non-regular pentagons which is dual to the snub square tiling.
Branched Cover from (4 4 3/2) Schwarz Triangle
A Schwarz triangle is a spherical triangle that can be used to generate a tiling of a branched covering of the sphere by repeatedly reflecting this triangle across its edges. Sometimes we get an actual tiling of the sphere, but in general we get a branched covering, because the same point can lie in the interior of several triangles, and there may be branch points at the corners of the triangles.
Pentagon-Decagon Branched Covering
Two regular pentagons and a regular decagon fit snugly at a point: their interior angles sum to 360°. Despite this, you cannot tile the plane with regular pentagons and decagons. However, there is a branched covering of the plane tiled with pentagons and decagons, which map to regular pentagons and decagons on the plane. Here Greg Egan has drawn a portion of this branched covering.
Pentagon-Decagon Packing
Two regular pentagons and a regular decagon meet snugly at a vertex: their interior angles sum to 360°. However, they can’t tile the plane. However, they come fairly close, as shown in this picture by Greg Egan.
{7,3} Tiling
This picture, drawn by Anton Sherwood, shows the {7,3} tiling: a tiling of the hyperbolic plane by equal-sized regular heptagons, 3 meeting at each vertex.
Pattern-Equivariant Homology of a Penrose Tiling
The Penrose kite and dart are a pair of tiles that can be used to create aperiodic tilings of the plane. This image illustrates a ‘pattern-equivariant 1-chain’, a tool used by James J. Walton to study the topology of the kite and dart tiling, and other aperiodic tilings.
Tübingen Tiling
A systematic way to generate quasiperiodic tilings of the plane is to take a lattice in higher dimensions and slice it at a funny angle. Greg Egan has created an applet that generates quasiperiodic tilings by projecting selected triangles from an $n$-dimensional lattice called the $\mathrm{A}_n$ lattice onto a plane. This particular picture comes from the $\mathrm{A}_4$ lattice.